Women-only passenger cars (女性専用車) are railway or subway cars intended for women only.
In Japan, women-only cars were introduced to combat lewd conduct, particularly groping (chikan).[5]
Women-only policies vary from company to company; some are effective
during rush hour, others throughout the day, while some limit women-only
cars to rapid service trains, as they tend to be more crowded and have
relatively longer distances between stops. But in general, the policy is
effective only on weekdays, excluding holidays.
Platforms and train
doors are marked with signs indicating boarding areas for the cars, and
the days and times when the cars are women-only. Though intended to be
exclusive to women, most train operators in Japan allow male elementary
school pupils, disabled persons, and their assistants to board
women-only cars.[6][7]
29.6.13
Okiagari-kobōshi
Okiagari-koboshi or Okiagari-kobōshi (起き上がり小法師, getting-up little priest) is a Japanese traditional doll.
The toy is made from papier-mâché and is designed so that its weight causes it to return to an upright position if it is knocked over.[1]
Okiagari-kobōshi is considered a good-luck charm and a symbol of perseverance and resilience.[2]
The makers of the earliest okiagari-kobōshi likely modeled them after a Chinese toy called Budaoweng (不倒翁; not-falling-down old man) that is similarly weighted.
One kind of Daruma doll works on the same principle as okiagari-kobōshi and is sometimes referred to by that name; whenever it is thrown down, it rights itself.[7] This depiction of the Buddhist monk Bodhidharma likely arose in connection with a legend that says that he once meditated for nine years, which caused his legs to either atrophy or fall off.[8]
The toy is made from papier-mâché and is designed so that its weight causes it to return to an upright position if it is knocked over.[1]
Okiagari-kobōshi is considered a good-luck charm and a symbol of perseverance and resilience.[2]
The makers of the earliest okiagari-kobōshi likely modeled them after a Chinese toy called Budaoweng (不倒翁; not-falling-down old man) that is similarly weighted.
One kind of Daruma doll works on the same principle as okiagari-kobōshi and is sometimes referred to by that name; whenever it is thrown down, it rights itself.[7] This depiction of the Buddhist monk Bodhidharma likely arose in connection with a legend that says that he once meditated for nine years, which caused his legs to either atrophy or fall off.[8]
Yumomi (Kneading Water) in Kusatsu, Gunma
Kusatsu (草津町 Kusatsu-machi) is a small town in Agatsuma District in Gunma Prefecture, Japan. Kusatsu is situated about 1,200 meters above sea level
The Netsu no yu (熱の湯 lit. "hot water"), though located adjacent to the Yubatake, is a hot spring in its own right. The water is about 54 degrees Celsius, so it is not possible to bathe in it. For that reason there is the ancient tradition of Yumomi (湯もみ), which means kneading or bashing the water. Using 1.80 meter long wooden boards the hot water is stirred, bashed, kneaded and thus cooled down. The simpler method of pouring in cold water is not practiced as it would dilute the healing power of the water. During the Yumomi ceremony, the Kusatsu song is sung and Japanese traditional dance is performed.
The Yubatake, one of the biggest hot springs and the main attraction of the town, is located in the center of Kusatsu. The spring water pours out of the rock and is then conducted through several rows of wooden boxes. In these wooden boxes Yu no hana (湯の花) one of Kusatsu's specialties is cultivated. The word Yubatake accordingly means "hot water field". Around the Yubatake there are 100 name plates of famous persons that visited Kusatsu.
The Netsu no yu (熱の湯 lit. "hot water"), though located adjacent to the Yubatake, is a hot spring in its own right. The water is about 54 degrees Celsius, so it is not possible to bathe in it. For that reason there is the ancient tradition of Yumomi (湯もみ), which means kneading or bashing the water. Using 1.80 meter long wooden boards the hot water is stirred, bashed, kneaded and thus cooled down. The simpler method of pouring in cold water is not practiced as it would dilute the healing power of the water. During the Yumomi ceremony, the Kusatsu song is sung and Japanese traditional dance is performed.
The Yubatake, one of the biggest hot springs and the main attraction of the town, is located in the center of Kusatsu. The spring water pours out of the rock and is then conducted through several rows of wooden boxes. In these wooden boxes Yu no hana (湯の花) one of Kusatsu's specialties is cultivated. The word Yubatake accordingly means "hot water field". Around the Yubatake there are 100 name plates of famous persons that visited Kusatsu.
Onsen Manjū and Nozawa Onsen
Manjū is a well-known sweet in Japan, consisting of a pastry crust made of flour, rice flour and buckwheat and a filling made of Azuki bean paste. In onsen resorts, manjū were often steamed using the steam rising from the hot springs.
Nozawa Onsen (野沢温泉村 Nozawa-Onsen-mura) is a village located in Shimotakai District, Nagano, Japan.
The village is located just one hour’s drive from Nagano City in the northern part of Nagano - a charming hot spring village located at the foot of Kenashi-yama Mountain which is home to around 5000 people. Nozawa Onsen is said to date back to 8th century but has been renowned for its onsen hot springs since the Edo period.[1] Legend is that the first hot spring in Nozawa Onsen was discovered by a bear and it was later shown to a hunter by an injured bear. [2]
In recent times it has also gained a great reputation for its skiing. In the 1998 Nagano Olympics, Nozawa Onsen hosted the biathlon. The village hosts a popular fire festival (dosojin matsuri - 道祖神祭り) every January.[3] [4]
Famous foods from Nozawa Onsen
Nozawa Onsen (野沢温泉村 Nozawa-Onsen-mura) is a village located in Shimotakai District, Nagano, Japan.
The village is located just one hour’s drive from Nagano City in the northern part of Nagano - a charming hot spring village located at the foot of Kenashi-yama Mountain which is home to around 5000 people. Nozawa Onsen is said to date back to 8th century but has been renowned for its onsen hot springs since the Edo period.[1] Legend is that the first hot spring in Nozawa Onsen was discovered by a bear and it was later shown to a hunter by an injured bear. [2]
In recent times it has also gained a great reputation for its skiing. In the 1998 Nagano Olympics, Nozawa Onsen hosted the biathlon. The village hosts a popular fire festival (dosojin matsuri - 道祖神祭り) every January.[3] [4]
Famous foods from Nozawa Onsen
28.6.13
Fuji Rabbit: A Symbol of Nostalgia in Japan!
The Fuji Rabbit was a motor scooter produced in Japan by Fuji Heavy Industries from 1946 through 1968.
Although not very well known outside of Japan, the Fuji Rabbit has earned itself a place in Japanese pop culture as a symbol of nostalgia. Fuji Rabbits have been featured in Japanese animated series such as FLCL and Paranoia Agent and are a favourite amongst collectors of scooters and motorcycles in Japan.
Beni Shōga
Beni shōga (紅生姜) is a type of tsukemono (Japanese pickle). It is made from ginger cut into thin strips, colored red, and pickled in umezu (梅酢, plum vinegar), the pickling solution used to make umeboshi; the red color is derived from red perilla. It is served with many Japanese dishes, including gyūdon, okonomiyaki, and yakisoba.
Umeboshi (Japanese: 梅干, pronounced [u͍meboɕi]; literally "dried ume") are pickled ume fruits common in Japan.
Umeboshi (Japanese: 梅干, pronounced [u͍meboɕi]; literally "dried ume") are pickled ume fruits common in Japan.
Auto Race
Auto Race (オートレース Ōto Rēsu) is a Japanese version of motorcycle speedway, but combines gambling added into it and is held on an asphalt course, throughout Japan. It is regulated by the JKA Foundation.
A typical Auto Race bike is 599㏄. Autorace is predominantly a gambling sport. The first ever meeting was held at Funabashi in 1950, but the more traditional speedway and flat track dirt surfaces were banned by the government in the 1960s because they were considered too dangerous.
Unlike other forms of motorcycle and gambling sport, prior to race day, riders are required to reside at the dormitory with over 500 riders and refrain from contacting anyone within the outside world including any forms of communications to prevent race fixing.
An average rider usually spends half a year living away from home. A race usually involves eight riders and runs for no more than three minutes.
The sport also spawned a manga called Speed Star.
A typical Auto Race bike is 599㏄. Autorace is predominantly a gambling sport. The first ever meeting was held at Funabashi in 1950, but the more traditional speedway and flat track dirt surfaces were banned by the government in the 1960s because they were considered too dangerous.
Unlike other forms of motorcycle and gambling sport, prior to race day, riders are required to reside at the dormitory with over 500 riders and refrain from contacting anyone within the outside world including any forms of communications to prevent race fixing.
An average rider usually spends half a year living away from home. A race usually involves eight riders and runs for no more than three minutes.
The sport also spawned a manga called Speed Star.
27.6.13
“Uwan!”
An uwan (うわん) in Japanese folklore is a disembodied voice that inhabits old, abandoned temples and homes.
According to ancient legends from Aomori Prefecture Japan, when a person enters one of these buildings, the formless yōkai shouts out an ear-piercing “Uwan!” The voice is only audible to people inside the building — those outside hear nothing. Since an uwan does not physically exist and only consists of sound, it poses no physical danger.
Ancient Japanese legends provide several examples of formless yōkai like the uwan, which consist of nothing but sound, light or other natural phenomena. In the Edo period, however, these demon spirits assumed physical bodies as artists such as Sawaki Suushi incorporated them into their work.
Aomori Prefecture (青森県 Aomori-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku Region.[2] The capital is the city of Aomori.[3]
The Edo period (江戸時代 Edo jidai), or Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa jidai), is the period between 1603 and 1868 in the history of Japan, when Japanese society was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300
According to ancient legends from Aomori Prefecture Japan, when a person enters one of these buildings, the formless yōkai shouts out an ear-piercing “Uwan!” The voice is only audible to people inside the building — those outside hear nothing. Since an uwan does not physically exist and only consists of sound, it poses no physical danger.
Ancient Japanese legends provide several examples of formless yōkai like the uwan, which consist of nothing but sound, light or other natural phenomena. In the Edo period, however, these demon spirits assumed physical bodies as artists such as Sawaki Suushi incorporated them into their work.
Aomori Prefecture (青森県 Aomori-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku Region.[2] The capital is the city of Aomori.[3]
The Edo period (江戸時代 Edo jidai), or Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa jidai), is the period between 1603 and 1868 in the history of Japan, when Japanese society was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300
Otsumami: The Snack-like Origin of the Word "Sakana"
Sakana (肴) or shukō (酒肴) is a Japanese term referring to food eaten as an accompaniment to alcohol. Sakana may also be referred to as otsumami;
this term usually applies to smaller dishes. Because fish, especially
dried fish, was a popular choice for these dishes, over the years the
term sakana also came to mean "fish".
Listed below are some common sakana.
Listed below are some common sakana.
- Yakitori - grilled skewers of chicken and chicken parts
- Kushiyaki - grilled skewers of meat or vegetables
- Sashimi - slices of raw fish
- Tsukemono - pickles
- Kimchi - spicy Korean pickles
Onekotan Island
Onekotan Island (Russian: Онекотан; Japanese 温禰古丹島; Onekotan-tō, occasionally Onnekotan-tō, Ainu: オネコタン or オネコタㇴ) is an uninhabited volcanic island located near the northern end of the Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean. Its name is derived from the Ainu language for "large village".
Calpis (Karupisu)
Calpis (カルピス Karupisu) is a Japanese uncarbonated soft drink, manufactured by Calpis Co., Ltd. (カルピス株式会社 Karupisu Kabushiki-gaisha), headquartered in Shibuya, Tokyo.[1] Calpis Co. is a subsidiary of Ajinomoto.
The beverage has a light, somewhat milky, and slightly acidic flavor, similar to plain or vanilla-flavored yogurt or Yakult. Its ingredients include water, nonfat dry milk and lactic acid, and is produced by lactic acid fermentation.
The drink is sold as a concentrate which is mixed with water or sometimes milk just before consumption. A pre-diluted version known as Calpis Water "Karupisu Wōtā" (カルピスウォーター), or its carbonated variety, known as Calpis Soda "Karupisu Sōda" (カルピスソーダ), are also available. It is also used to flavor kakigori (shaved ice) and as a mixer for cocktails and chuhai.
There are many flavor variations.
It was first marketed on July 7, 1919. It quickly became popular in pre-war Japan as its concentrated form meant it kept well without refrigeration.
The polka dot packaging used to be white dots against a blue background until the colours were inverted in 1953. It was originally themed on the Milky Way, which is in reference to the Japanese festival of Tanabata on July 7, a traditional observation seen as the start of the summer.
The beverage has a light, somewhat milky, and slightly acidic flavor, similar to plain or vanilla-flavored yogurt or Yakult. Its ingredients include water, nonfat dry milk and lactic acid, and is produced by lactic acid fermentation.
The drink is sold as a concentrate which is mixed with water or sometimes milk just before consumption. A pre-diluted version known as Calpis Water "Karupisu Wōtā" (カルピスウォーター), or its carbonated variety, known as Calpis Soda "Karupisu Sōda" (カルピスソーダ), are also available. It is also used to flavor kakigori (shaved ice) and as a mixer for cocktails and chuhai.
There are many flavor variations.
It was first marketed on July 7, 1919. It quickly became popular in pre-war Japan as its concentrated form meant it kept well without refrigeration.
The polka dot packaging used to be white dots against a blue background until the colours were inverted in 1953. It was originally themed on the Milky Way, which is in reference to the Japanese festival of Tanabata on July 7, a traditional observation seen as the start of the summer.
26.6.13
Genmaicha (aka Popcorn Tea)
Genmaicha (玄米茶, "brown rice tea") is the Japanese name for green tea combined with roasted brown rice.[1]
It is sometimes referred to colloquially as "popcorn tea" because a few grains of the rice pop during the roasting process and resemble popcorn.
This type of tea was originally drunk by poor Japanese, as the rice served as a filler and reduced the price of the tea; which is why it is also known as the "people's tea."
It was also used by those persons fasting for religious purposes or who found themselves to be between meals for long periods of time. Today it is consumed by all segments of society.
Tea steeped from these tea leaves has a light yellow hue. Its flavor is mild and combines the fresh grassy flavor of green tea with the aroma of the roasted rice. Although this tea is based on green tea, the recommended way to brew this tea is different from that of green tea. To make best aroma, it is recommended to use boiled water with brewing time of 30 seconds.
Genmaicha is also sold with matcha (powdered green tea) added to it. This product is called Matcha-iri genmaicha (抹茶入り玄米茶) (lit. Genmaicha with added powdered tea). Matcha-iri genmaicha has a similar flavor to plain genmaicha but the flavor is often stronger and the color more green than light yellow.
It is sometimes referred to colloquially as "popcorn tea" because a few grains of the rice pop during the roasting process and resemble popcorn.
This type of tea was originally drunk by poor Japanese, as the rice served as a filler and reduced the price of the tea; which is why it is also known as the "people's tea."
It was also used by those persons fasting for religious purposes or who found themselves to be between meals for long periods of time. Today it is consumed by all segments of society.
Tea steeped from these tea leaves has a light yellow hue. Its flavor is mild and combines the fresh grassy flavor of green tea with the aroma of the roasted rice. Although this tea is based on green tea, the recommended way to brew this tea is different from that of green tea. To make best aroma, it is recommended to use boiled water with brewing time of 30 seconds.
Genmaicha is also sold with matcha (powdered green tea) added to it. This product is called Matcha-iri genmaicha (抹茶入り玄米茶) (lit. Genmaicha with added powdered tea). Matcha-iri genmaicha has a similar flavor to plain genmaicha but the flavor is often stronger and the color more green than light yellow.
Okobo
Okobo (おこぼ), also referred to as pokkuri, bokkuri, or koppori geta from the sound made when walking,[1] are wooden sandals worn by maiko (apprentice geisha)
during their apprenticeship.
Okobo are very tall and usually made from a block of willow wood. Usually, the wood has either no finish or a natural finish, but during the summer months, maiko will wear black-lacquered okobo. They are held to the foot by simple thong-like straps in colors that represent their maiko status. Red straps are worn by new maiko, while yellow ones are worn by those who have nearly completed their apprenticeship.
Okobo are worn to prevent the wearer's kimono from touching the ground.[2]
Okobo are very tall and usually made from a block of willow wood. Usually, the wood has either no finish or a natural finish, but during the summer months, maiko will wear black-lacquered okobo. They are held to the foot by simple thong-like straps in colors that represent their maiko status. Red straps are worn by new maiko, while yellow ones are worn by those who have nearly completed their apprenticeship.
Okobo are worn to prevent the wearer's kimono from touching the ground.[2]
Arashiyama, Kyoto
Arashiyama (嵐山 Storm Mountain) is a district on the western outskirts of Kyoto, Japan. It also refers to the mountain across the Ōi River, which forms a backdrop to the district. Arashiyama is a nationally-designated Historic Site and Place of Scenic Beauty.[1]
The Togetsukyō is a bridge across the river. The river changes names on either side of this bridge. West of the bridge it is the Hozu River and east of the bridge it is the Katsura River.
The Togetsukyō is a bridge across the river. The river changes names on either side of this bridge. West of the bridge it is the Hozu River and east of the bridge it is the Katsura River.
- The Iwatayama Monkey Park on the slopes of Mount Arashiyama. Over 170 monkeys live at the park. While the monkeys are wild, they have become accustomed to humans. The park is located on a small mountain not far from the Saga-Arashiyama rail station. Visitors can approach and photograph the monkeys. At the summit is a fenced enclosure, from within which visitors can feed the monkeys.
- The romantic "Moon Crossing Bridge" (渡月橋,Togetsukyō), notable for its views of cherry blossoms and autumn colors on the slopes of Mt Arashiyama.
- The tombstone of the Heike courtesan Kogo of Sagano.
- Tenryū-ji, the main temple of one the 15 branches of the Rinzai school, one of the two main sects of Zen Buddhism in Japan.
- The hamlet of Kiyotaki, a small scenic village at the base of Mt Atago, the home to a notable Shinto shrine.
- Matsuo Shrine, half a mile south of the area, which is home to a blessed spring. It is also one of the oldest shrines in the Kyoto area, founded in 700. The alleged restorative properties of the spring bring many local sake and miso companies to the shrine for prayers that their product will be blessed.
- Kameyama koen has a stone commemorating Zhou Enlai's visit to Arashiyama. He was moved by the cherry blossoms and mountain greenery. The four poems Zhou Enlai wrote about his visit are engraved on a stone monument: "Arashiyama in the Rain."
- Ōkōchi Sansō, the Japanese-style home and gardens of the film actor Denjirō Ōkōchi.
25.6.13
Puramo
Plamo (プラモ puramo)
refers to the hobby of plastic modeling, and to the products of this
hobby.
In the West, the term is most often used in reference to fantasy, anime, or manga-related objects and characters, as this type of modelling has had a proportionately larger contingency in Japan than in the US.
However, in Japan "puramo" refers to any and all hobby modeling done in plastic, including military modelling, construction from pre-molded kits, "kit-bashing," Scratch building, and to pre-assembled, fully finished models acquired for decoration or collection.
In the West, the term is most often used in reference to fantasy, anime, or manga-related objects and characters, as this type of modelling has had a proportionately larger contingency in Japan than in the US.
However, in Japan "puramo" refers to any and all hobby modeling done in plastic, including military modelling, construction from pre-molded kits, "kit-bashing," Scratch building, and to pre-assembled, fully finished models acquired for decoration or collection.
Fighter Kites and Kite Fighting in Japan
Fighter kites are kites used for the sport of kite fighting.
Some Fighter Kites:
The Rokkaku dako(六角凧) is a traditional six-sided Japanese fighter kite. Traditionally, it is made with bamboo spars and washi paper. The rokkaku kite is often hand painted with the face of a famous Samurai.
The rokkaku kite is often used for kite aerial photography and in atmospheric science, thanks to its large surface area and simple construction.
The Rokkaku is 1-2m high hexagonal kite fought with teams of players flying each kite. Both the Rokkaku and the smaller rectangular Buka have been adopted and further developed by western kite enthusiasts.
Some Festivals:
In June every year, Shirone city hosts the week long Giant Kite Festival (takomatsuri). Opposing teams formed by residents battles across the Nakanogichi River using giants kites. The kites are hand made and painted by the team members for the entire year preceding the event. Each kite measures about 7m x 3m and typically sports a portrait of a renown samurai, local figure, or mascot signifying the area or team sponsor.
Hamamatsu Festival, held from May 3 through May 5 each year, is well known for Takoage Gassen, or the kite fight, and luxuriously decorated palace-like floats. The festival originated about 430 years ago, when the lord of Hamamatsu Castle celebrated the birth of his first son by flying kites. In the Meiji Era, the celebration of the birth of a first son by flying Hatsu Dako, or the first kite, became popular, and this tradition has survived in the form of Hamamatsu Festival. It is extremely exciting to see over 160 large kites flying in the sky to the sound of bugles. Those who visit Hamamatsu at this time of the year can experience the city at its most exciting time.During the nights of Hamamatsu Festival, people parade downtown carrying over 70 yatai, or palace-lake floats, that are beautifully decorated while playing Japanese traditional festival music. The festival reaches its peak when groups of people compete by violently marching across town.
Some Fighter Kites:
The Rokkaku dako(六角凧) is a traditional six-sided Japanese fighter kite. Traditionally, it is made with bamboo spars and washi paper. The rokkaku kite is often hand painted with the face of a famous Samurai.
The rokkaku kite is often used for kite aerial photography and in atmospheric science, thanks to its large surface area and simple construction.
The Rokkaku is 1-2m high hexagonal kite fought with teams of players flying each kite. Both the Rokkaku and the smaller rectangular Buka have been adopted and further developed by western kite enthusiasts.
Some Festivals:
In June every year, Shirone city hosts the week long Giant Kite Festival (takomatsuri). Opposing teams formed by residents battles across the Nakanogichi River using giants kites. The kites are hand made and painted by the team members for the entire year preceding the event. Each kite measures about 7m x 3m and typically sports a portrait of a renown samurai, local figure, or mascot signifying the area or team sponsor.
Hamamatsu Festival, held from May 3 through May 5 each year, is well known for Takoage Gassen, or the kite fight, and luxuriously decorated palace-like floats. The festival originated about 430 years ago, when the lord of Hamamatsu Castle celebrated the birth of his first son by flying kites. In the Meiji Era, the celebration of the birth of a first son by flying Hatsu Dako, or the first kite, became popular, and this tradition has survived in the form of Hamamatsu Festival. It is extremely exciting to see over 160 large kites flying in the sky to the sound of bugles. Those who visit Hamamatsu at this time of the year can experience the city at its most exciting time.During the nights of Hamamatsu Festival, people parade downtown carrying over 70 yatai, or palace-lake floats, that are beautifully decorated while playing Japanese traditional festival music. The festival reaches its peak when groups of people compete by violently marching across town.
Hamakita Hiryu Festival:
This festival is held in honor of Ryujin, the god of the Tenryū River, and features a wide variety of events such as the Hamakita takoage (kite flying) event and the Hiryu himatsuri (flying dragon fire festival) which celebrates water, sound, and flame.Satsuma/Edo Kiriko (Cut Glass)
Satsuma Kiriko (薩摩切子) cut glass was produced by the Satsuma clan from the final years of the Edo period to the beginning of the Meiji period (1868–1912). Today, a reproduction is manufactured.
Edo Kiriko features transparent and colorless glass, while Satsuma Kiriko is more delicate and features overlaid colored glass. The main feature is the deep color of the overlaid colored glass. Also, cutting the glass boldly gives a beautiful gradation of color.
From 1985 a glass factory, an artisan, and a researcher together succeeded in reproducing Satsuma Kiriko. In 1989 Satsuma glass industrial art, under the supervision and direct management of the Shimadzu Corporation, was certified[clarification needed] as a traditional artifact of Kagoshima. At present, they produce both reproductions of the old-style Satsuma Kiriko and new designs and colors based on that style.
Satsuma Kiriko is made in Kagoshima Prefecture.
Edo Kiriko features transparent and colorless glass, while Satsuma Kiriko is more delicate and features overlaid colored glass. The main feature is the deep color of the overlaid colored glass. Also, cutting the glass boldly gives a beautiful gradation of color.
From 1985 a glass factory, an artisan, and a researcher together succeeded in reproducing Satsuma Kiriko. In 1989 Satsuma glass industrial art, under the supervision and direct management of the Shimadzu Corporation, was certified[clarification needed] as a traditional artifact of Kagoshima. At present, they produce both reproductions of the old-style Satsuma Kiriko and new designs and colors based on that style.
Satsuma Kiriko is made in Kagoshima Prefecture.
24.6.13
The Other Kiyomizu-dera: Isumi, Chiba Prefecture
Kiyomizu-dera (清水寺) is a Buddhist temple located in the city of Isumi in Chiba Prefecture,
Japan.
According to an alternate reading of the name in Japanese, the temple is also referred to as Seisui-ji, and is commonly known as the Kiyomizu Kannon. Kiyomizu-dera is the 32nd temple in the Bandō Sanjūsankasho, or the circuit of 33 Buddhist temples in Eastern Japan sacred to bodhisattva Kannon.
According to legend, Kiyomizu-dera was founded in the Heian period by Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, the first shogun of Japan. Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, closely associated with the construction of Kiyomizu-dera in Kyoto, reputedly built the Isumi temple as a replica of the well-known Kyoto temple of the same name.
Nearly all temple structures of the Heian period were destroyed by fire at some time in the Muromachi period between 1469-148, and today few Heian period remnants are extant.
The present hon-dō (Main Hall) was reconstructed between 1688 and 1703.
Chiba Prefecture (千葉県 Chiba-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region and the Greater Tokyo Area.[1] Its capital is Chiba City.[2]
The Heian period (平安時代 Heian jidai) is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185.[1] The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō, or modern Kyōto.
According to an alternate reading of the name in Japanese, the temple is also referred to as Seisui-ji, and is commonly known as the Kiyomizu Kannon. Kiyomizu-dera is the 32nd temple in the Bandō Sanjūsankasho, or the circuit of 33 Buddhist temples in Eastern Japan sacred to bodhisattva Kannon.
According to legend, Kiyomizu-dera was founded in the Heian period by Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, the first shogun of Japan. Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, closely associated with the construction of Kiyomizu-dera in Kyoto, reputedly built the Isumi temple as a replica of the well-known Kyoto temple of the same name.
Nearly all temple structures of the Heian period were destroyed by fire at some time in the Muromachi period between 1469-148, and today few Heian period remnants are extant.
The present hon-dō (Main Hall) was reconstructed between 1688 and 1703.
Chiba Prefecture (千葉県 Chiba-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region and the Greater Tokyo Area.[1] Its capital is Chiba City.[2]
The Heian period (平安時代 Heian jidai) is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185.[1] The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō, or modern Kyōto.
Tisshu Kubari (Tissue-pack Marketing)
Tissue-pack marketing (ティッシュ配り) is a type of guerrilla marketing that is a phenomenon in Japan.
Companies use small, portable tissue packages to move advertising copy directly into consumers' hands.
About 4 billion of these packages of tissues are distributed on the streets annually in Japan—largely outside of subway stations. This industry generates sales in the range of ¥75 billion annually.[1]
The concept of tissue-pack marketing was first developed in Japan. Its origins date back to the late 1960s when Hiroshi Mori, the founder of a paper-goods manufacturer in Kōchi Prefecture called Meisei Industrial Co., was looking for ways to expand demand for paper products. At the time, the most common marketing freebie in Japan was boxes of matches. These were often given away at banks and then used by women in the kitchen. Mori figured tissues would have even wider appeal than the matches, and as a result he developed the machinery to fold and package tissues into easy-to-carry, pocket-size packs. The new product was marketed only as a form of advertising and was not sold to consumers.
Japan is still the main market for tissue-pack advertising, but the practice has begun to spread overseas.
Kōchi Prefecture (高知県 Kōchi-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located on the south coast of Shikoku.[1] The capital is the city of Kōchi.[2]
Companies use small, portable tissue packages to move advertising copy directly into consumers' hands.
About 4 billion of these packages of tissues are distributed on the streets annually in Japan—largely outside of subway stations. This industry generates sales in the range of ¥75 billion annually.[1]
The concept of tissue-pack marketing was first developed in Japan. Its origins date back to the late 1960s when Hiroshi Mori, the founder of a paper-goods manufacturer in Kōchi Prefecture called Meisei Industrial Co., was looking for ways to expand demand for paper products. At the time, the most common marketing freebie in Japan was boxes of matches. These were often given away at banks and then used by women in the kitchen. Mori figured tissues would have even wider appeal than the matches, and as a result he developed the machinery to fold and package tissues into easy-to-carry, pocket-size packs. The new product was marketed only as a form of advertising and was not sold to consumers.
Japan is still the main market for tissue-pack advertising, but the practice has begun to spread overseas.
Kōchi Prefecture (高知県 Kōchi-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located on the south coast of Shikoku.[1] The capital is the city of Kōchi.[2]
Japanese Candlestick Charts and Spinning Tops
A candlestick chart is a style of bar-chart used primarily to describe price movements of a security, derivative, or currency over time.
It is a combination of a line-chart and a bar-chart, in that each bar represents the range of price movement over a given time interval. It is most often used in technical analysis of equity and currency price patterns. They appear superficially similar to box plots, but are unrelated.
Candlestick charts are thought to have been developed in the 18th century by Munehisa Homma, Japanese rice trader of financial instruments.[citation needed]. They were introduced to the Western world by Steve Nison in his book, Japanese Candlestick Charting Techniques.[1]
Spinning top is a Japanese candlesticks pattern with a short body found in the middle of two long wicks. A spinning top is indicative of a situation where neither the buyers nor the sellers have won for that time period, as the market has closed relatively unchanged from where it opened; the market is indecisive regarding its trend. The upper and lower long wicks, however, tell us that both the buyers and the sellers had the upper hand at some point during the time period the candle represents. When a spinning top forms after a run up or run down in the market, it can be an indication of a pending reversal, as the indecision in the market is representative of the buyers losing momentum when this occurs after an uptrend and the sellers losing momentum after a downtrend.
It is a combination of a line-chart and a bar-chart, in that each bar represents the range of price movement over a given time interval. It is most often used in technical analysis of equity and currency price patterns. They appear superficially similar to box plots, but are unrelated.
Candlestick charts are thought to have been developed in the 18th century by Munehisa Homma, Japanese rice trader of financial instruments.[citation needed]. They were introduced to the Western world by Steve Nison in his book, Japanese Candlestick Charting Techniques.[1]
Spinning top is a Japanese candlesticks pattern with a short body found in the middle of two long wicks. A spinning top is indicative of a situation where neither the buyers nor the sellers have won for that time period, as the market has closed relatively unchanged from where it opened; the market is indecisive regarding its trend. The upper and lower long wicks, however, tell us that both the buyers and the sellers had the upper hand at some point during the time period the candle represents. When a spinning top forms after a run up or run down in the market, it can be an indication of a pending reversal, as the indecision in the market is representative of the buyers losing momentum when this occurs after an uptrend and the sellers losing momentum after a downtrend.
23.6.13
Nihon Minka-en (Open-Air Folk House Museum)
Nihon Minka-en (日本民家園) is a park in the Ikuta Ryokuchi (生田緑地) Park of Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.
On display in the park is a collection of 20 traditional minka (民家) (farm houses) from various parts of Japan, especially thatched-roofed houses from eastern Japan. Of these, nine have received the designation of Important Cultural Assets from the national government. The houses are varied, and include examples from regions of heavy snow, lodgings for travellers, and a theatrical stage. Visitors can see regional variety and differences in construction.
The park is operated by the city of Kawasaki. Admission is free to visitors who are not older than junior-high-school age. The entrance is a fifteen-minute walk from Mukogaoka-Yuen Station on the Odakyu Odawara Line.
Kanagawa Prefecture (神奈川県 Kanagawa-ken) is a prefecture located in the southern Kantō region of Japan.[1] The capital is Yokohama.[2] Kanagawa is part of the Greater Tokyo Area.
On display in the park is a collection of 20 traditional minka (民家) (farm houses) from various parts of Japan, especially thatched-roofed houses from eastern Japan. Of these, nine have received the designation of Important Cultural Assets from the national government. The houses are varied, and include examples from regions of heavy snow, lodgings for travellers, and a theatrical stage. Visitors can see regional variety and differences in construction.
The park is operated by the city of Kawasaki. Admission is free to visitors who are not older than junior-high-school age. The entrance is a fifteen-minute walk from Mukogaoka-Yuen Station on the Odakyu Odawara Line.
Kanagawa Prefecture (神奈川県 Kanagawa-ken) is a prefecture located in the southern Kantō region of Japan.[1] The capital is Yokohama.[2] Kanagawa is part of the Greater Tokyo Area.
The Rare Kai Ken (aka Tiger Dog)
The Kai Ken (甲斐犬, also called the Tora Inu or Tiger Dog) is a breed of dog that hails from Japan where it is a natural monument and has been bred for centuries. It is an extremely rare dog even in its native land and is related to the Japanese Spitz dog type.
The Kai Ken is considered to be the most ancient, and purest dog breed in Japan.[citation needed] It was developed in the isolated district of Kai (Yamanashi Prefecture) as a hunting dog.[citation needed] Kai were used to hunt boar and deer.
This breed was designated a natural monument in Japan in 1934.
The Kai Ken is intelligent, agile, alert and brave. They are natural hunters and make good watch dogs, being reserved with strangers but loyal to their families. They are friendly, often good with children and are not usually aggressive towards other dogs. Many love to swim, and have been known to cross rivers and climb trees while chasing their prey. [1]
Find out about Kai Ken in popular culture.
The Kai Ken is considered to be the most ancient, and purest dog breed in Japan.[citation needed] It was developed in the isolated district of Kai (Yamanashi Prefecture) as a hunting dog.[citation needed] Kai were used to hunt boar and deer.
This breed was designated a natural monument in Japan in 1934.
The Kai Ken is intelligent, agile, alert and brave. They are natural hunters and make good watch dogs, being reserved with strangers but loyal to their families. They are friendly, often good with children and are not usually aggressive towards other dogs. Many love to swim, and have been known to cross rivers and climb trees while chasing their prey. [1]
Find out about Kai Ken in popular culture.
The "Zakka" Trend
Zakka (from the Japanese 'zak-ka'（雑貨）or 'many things') is a fashion and design phenomenon that has spread from Japan throughout Asia.
The term refers to everything and anything that improves your home,
life and appearance.
It is often based on household items from the West that are regarded as kitsch in their countries of origin, but it can also be Japanese goods, mainly from the fifties, sixties, and seventies.
In Japan there are also so-called Asian zakka stores; that usually refers to Southeast Asia. The interest in Nordic design or Scandinavian design, both contemporary and past, is also part of this zakka movement.
Zakka can also be contemporary handicraft.
Zakka has also been described as "the art of seeing the savvy in the ordinary and mundane".
The zakka boom could be recognized as merely another in a series of consumer fads, but it also touches issues of self-expression and spirituality. "Cute, corny and kitschy is not enough. To qualify as a zakka, a product must be attractive, sensitive, and laden with subtext."
It is often based on household items from the West that are regarded as kitsch in their countries of origin, but it can also be Japanese goods, mainly from the fifties, sixties, and seventies.
In Japan there are also so-called Asian zakka stores; that usually refers to Southeast Asia. The interest in Nordic design or Scandinavian design, both contemporary and past, is also part of this zakka movement.
Zakka can also be contemporary handicraft.
Zakka has also been described as "the art of seeing the savvy in the ordinary and mundane".
The zakka boom could be recognized as merely another in a series of consumer fads, but it also touches issues of self-expression and spirituality. "Cute, corny and kitschy is not enough. To qualify as a zakka, a product must be attractive, sensitive, and laden with subtext."
22.6.13
Bikkle
Bikkle is a Japanese yogurt-based drink. Produced by Japanese drink giant Suntory, it can be found in vending machines for 100-120 Yen
and also at convenience stores and supermarkets. It comes in a small
glass bottle, although since 2007, "Big Bikkle" is also available in a
larger 500ml plastic bottle.
Bikkle is a popular drink among both the Japanese and expatriates living in Japan, with whom it has gained somewhat of a cult status due to the interesting sounding name and unique taste. Many have described the taste of Bikkle to be similar to that of Yakult, or even oranges and cream.
Bikkle is a popular drink among both the Japanese and expatriates living in Japan, with whom it has gained somewhat of a cult status due to the interesting sounding name and unique taste. Many have described the taste of Bikkle to be similar to that of Yakult, or even oranges and cream.
Imari Ton-Ten-Ton Festival (伊万里 トンテントン)
The Imari Ton-Ten-Ton Festival is a fighting festival held every year in the city of Imari, Saga Prefecture, Japan. Beginning at the Imari Shrine, the festival is well known as one of the three great fighting festivals of Japan.
The event is held annually for 3 days from October 22 to 24.
Saga Prefecture (佐賀県 Saga-ken) is a prefecture in the northwest part of the island of Kyushu, Japan.[1] It touches both the Sea of Japan and the Ariake Sea.
The event is held annually for 3 days from October 22 to 24.
Saga Prefecture (佐賀県 Saga-ken) is a prefecture in the northwest part of the island of Kyushu, Japan.[1] It touches both the Sea of Japan and the Ariake Sea.
Kōhaku Maku (Red and White Curtain)
A kōhaku maku (紅白幕 literally red and white curtain) is a type of decorative fabric panel used on various occasions in Japan.
The fabric takes its name from its design of vertical red and white stripes, which is known as kōhaku.
Kōhaku maku panels are hung from a red and white striped rope.
Kōhaku maku are hung against walls on to give a festive appearance on formal occasions such as graduation ceremonies, but are also used on less formal occasions such as outdoor tea ceremonies and hanami flower viewing picnics to mark off or decorate spaces.
A type of fabric with a similar pattern in black and white is used for wakes.
The fabric takes its name from its design of vertical red and white stripes, which is known as kōhaku.
Kōhaku maku panels are hung from a red and white striped rope.
Kōhaku maku are hung against walls on to give a festive appearance on formal occasions such as graduation ceremonies, but are also used on less formal occasions such as outdoor tea ceremonies and hanami flower viewing picnics to mark off or decorate spaces.
A type of fabric with a similar pattern in black and white is used for wakes.
21.6.13
International Budō University (Kokusai Budō Daigaku)
International Budō University (国際武道大学 Kokusai Budō Daigaku) (IBU) is a private university in Katsuura, Chiba, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, established in 1984.[1] The university has a specialized curriculum in physical education,[2] specifically the budō Japanese martial arts, sports, and physical culture.
Faculties
IBU hosts a year-long program in budo for foreign students called the Budo Specialization Program (別科武道専修課程 Bekka Budō Senshū Katei).
Faculties
- Department of Physical Education
- Department of Budo, includes:
- Department of Athletic Training
- Department of International Sport Culture
- Martial arts and physical culture of sports
- Sports medicine
- Coaching science
- Exercise and health
IBU hosts a year-long program in budo for foreign students called the Budo Specialization Program (別科武道専修課程 Bekka Budō Senshū Katei).
J-Alert (Zenkoku Shunji Keihō System)
J-Alert (全国瞬時警報システム Zenkoku Shunji Keihō System) is a nationwide warning system in Japan
launched in February 2007. It is designed to quickly inform the public
of various threats. The system was developed in the hope that early
warnings would speed up evacuation times and help coordinate emergency
response.
J-Alert is a satellite based system that allows authorities to quickly broadcast alerts to local media and to citizens directly via a system of loudspeakers.
J-Alert broadcasts via the Superbird-B2 communication satellite.
All warnings, except for severe weather warnings, are broadcast in five languages: Japanese, English, Mandarin, Korean and Portuguese (Japan has a small Chinese, Korean and Brazilian population). The warnings were broadcast in these languages during the 11th March 2011 earthquake and tsunami. The severe weather warnings are only broadcast in Japanese.
J-Alert is a satellite based system that allows authorities to quickly broadcast alerts to local media and to citizens directly via a system of loudspeakers.
J-Alert broadcasts via the Superbird-B2 communication satellite.
All warnings, except for severe weather warnings, are broadcast in five languages: Japanese, English, Mandarin, Korean and Portuguese (Japan has a small Chinese, Korean and Brazilian population). The warnings were broadcast in these languages during the 11th March 2011 earthquake and tsunami. The severe weather warnings are only broadcast in Japanese.
Information able to be transmitted by this system
- Earthquake
- Earthquake Early Warning
- News flash of hypocenter, magnitude, and precaution to tsunami
- Information of hypocenter, magnitude, intensities of various cities, and presence of tsunami
- Advisory information of Tokai earthquakes
- Earthquake prediction information of Tokai earthquakes
- Caution to Tokai earthquakes
- Tsunami
- Volcano eruption
- Military threats
- North Korean ballistic missile launching
- Air assault
- Military attack to nuclear power plant
- Large scale terrorism
Shincha and Kocha
Shincha (新茶), literally "new tea", represents the first month's harvest of Sencha, a Japanese green tea.
Basically, it is the same as ichibancha (一番茶), "the first-picked tea," and is characterized by its fresh aroma and sweetness. Use of the term "ichibancha" rather than "shincha" generally infers its difference from "nibancha" ("the second-picked tea") and "sanbancha" ("the third-picked tea"). Use of the term "shincha" generally is to emphasize that it is that year's earliest tea, and is timely and seasonal.[1]
The opposite term is kocha (古茶), or "old tea," referring to tea left over from the previous year.[2]
Besides the fresh aroma of the young leaves, shincha is characterized by its relatively low content of bitter catechin and caffeine, and relatively high content of amino acid.[4]
Shincha is available only for a limited time. The earliest batch, from southern Japan, comes on the market around late April through May. It is prized for its high vitamin content, sweetness, and grassy flavor with resinous aroma and minimal astringency.
Basically, it is the same as ichibancha (一番茶), "the first-picked tea," and is characterized by its fresh aroma and sweetness. Use of the term "ichibancha" rather than "shincha" generally infers its difference from "nibancha" ("the second-picked tea") and "sanbancha" ("the third-picked tea"). Use of the term "shincha" generally is to emphasize that it is that year's earliest tea, and is timely and seasonal.[1]
The opposite term is kocha (古茶), or "old tea," referring to tea left over from the previous year.[2]
Besides the fresh aroma of the young leaves, shincha is characterized by its relatively low content of bitter catechin and caffeine, and relatively high content of amino acid.[4]
Shincha is available only for a limited time. The earliest batch, from southern Japan, comes on the market around late April through May. It is prized for its high vitamin content, sweetness, and grassy flavor with resinous aroma and minimal astringency.
20.6.13
The Theme Song of Yamada-Denki Co., Ltd.
Yamada-Denki Co., Ltd. (株式会社ヤマダ電機 Kabushiki-gaisha Yamada Denki) is one of the largest consumer electronics retailer chains in Japan. Some of its stores also sell other products, such as books.
- The Yamada Denki Song (ヤマダ電機の唄) (Lyrics: "Yamada Denki and its jolly friends"; Music: Ichirō Tomita (富田伊知郎)) is used as background music inside the store, and in television commercials.
Game & Watch (aka G&W): Nintendo's First Major Success!
Game & Watch or G&W is a line of handheld electronic games produced by Nintendo from 1980 to 1991. Created by game designer Gunpei Yokoi, each Game & Watch features a single game to be played on an LCD
screen in addition to a clock and/or an alarm.
43.4 million copies of the 59 games were sold worldwide. It was the earliest Nintendo product to garner major success.[1]
In 1979, Gunpei Yokoi, traveling on the Shinkansen, saw a bored businessman playing with an LCD calculator by pressing the buttons. Yokoi then thought of an idea for a watch that doubled as a miniature game machine for killing time.[2]
The device was known as Tricotronic in Germany.
Mr. Game & Watch is the mascot of the Game & Watch series.
The Shinkansen (新幹線, new trunk line), also known as the "Bullet Train", is a network of high-speed railway lines in Japan operated by four Japan Railways Group companies.
43.4 million copies of the 59 games were sold worldwide. It was the earliest Nintendo product to garner major success.[1]
In 1979, Gunpei Yokoi, traveling on the Shinkansen, saw a bored businessman playing with an LCD calculator by pressing the buttons. Yokoi then thought of an idea for a watch that doubled as a miniature game machine for killing time.[2]
The device was known as Tricotronic in Germany.
Mr. Game & Watch is the mascot of the Game & Watch series.
The Shinkansen (新幹線, new trunk line), also known as the "Bullet Train", is a network of high-speed railway lines in Japan operated by four Japan Railways Group companies.
Oekaki (O-ekaki)
Oekaki (お絵描き) (お: O = Formal prefix, 絵: E = picture, 描き: KAKI = to draw) is the Japanese term to describe the act of drawing, meaning "doodle or scribble".
Oekaki on the Internet refers to a bulletin board system allowing artists to draw online and share their pictures.[1] The drawings are generally not uploaded; pictures are done using an online drawing program inside the web browser. However, some versions of oekaki software do allow uploads, and usually the rules of that oekaki will state that only x number of uploads in a week are allowed.[citation needed] Drawings can be done with a computer mouse, a graphics tablet, or a touch screen.
There are a remarkable number of oekaki message boards, Oekaki Central[2] being one of the largest where users can create their own oekaki board at sites such OekakiBBS.com,[3] though this site is often hard to use for non-Japanese-speakers because much of it is in Japanese or poorly translated English.
Oekaki on the Internet refers to a bulletin board system allowing artists to draw online and share their pictures.[1] The drawings are generally not uploaded; pictures are done using an online drawing program inside the web browser. However, some versions of oekaki software do allow uploads, and usually the rules of that oekaki will state that only x number of uploads in a week are allowed.[citation needed] Drawings can be done with a computer mouse, a graphics tablet, or a touch screen.
There are a remarkable number of oekaki message boards, Oekaki Central[2] being one of the largest where users can create their own oekaki board at sites such OekakiBBS.com,[3] though this site is often hard to use for non-Japanese-speakers because much of it is in Japanese or poorly translated English.
19.6.13
Ryōunkaku
The Ryōunkaku (凌雲閣 Ryōunkaku, lit. Cloud-Surpassing Pavilion or Cloud-Surpassing Tower) was Japan's first western-style skyscraper.
It stood in the Asakusa district of Tokyo from 1890 until its demolition following the Great Kanto earthquake of 1923.
The Asakusa Jūnikai (浅草十二階, lit. Asakusa Twelve-stories), as it was called affectionately by Tokyoites, was the most popular attraction in Tokyo, and a showcase for new technologies as it housed Japan's first electric elevator.
The Ryōunkaku quickly became a landmark and symbol of Asakusa after its opening in 1890. It was a major leisure complex for visitors from all over Tokyo.
It stood in the Asakusa district of Tokyo from 1890 until its demolition following the Great Kanto earthquake of 1923.
The Asakusa Jūnikai (浅草十二階, lit. Asakusa Twelve-stories), as it was called affectionately by Tokyoites, was the most popular attraction in Tokyo, and a showcase for new technologies as it housed Japan's first electric elevator.
The Ryōunkaku quickly became a landmark and symbol of Asakusa after its opening in 1890. It was a major leisure complex for visitors from all over Tokyo.
Wanyūdō
Wanyūdō (Japanese: 輪入道 literally "wheel (輪) monk (入道)") is a figure in Japanese mythology, a relatively well-known yōkai in the folklore of Japan.
Wanyūdō is said to take the form of a burning oxcart wheel bearing the tormented face of a man. Various folklore purports him as the condemned soul of a tyrant daimyo who, in life, was known for having his victims drawn on the back of an oxcart. He is said to guard the gates of Hell and to wander back and forth along the road between this world and the underworld, scaring townsfolk as he passes and stealing the souls of anyone who gets too close in order to bring them to Hell with him.
Yōkai (妖怪, ghost, phantom, strange apparition) are a class of supernatural monsters in Japanese folklore.
The daimyo (大名 daimyō,
Pronunciation (help·info)) (dah-ee-myoh) were the powerful territorial lords[1] in pre-modern Japan who ruled most of the country from their vast, hereditary land holdings.
Wanyūdō is said to take the form of a burning oxcart wheel bearing the tormented face of a man. Various folklore purports him as the condemned soul of a tyrant daimyo who, in life, was known for having his victims drawn on the back of an oxcart. He is said to guard the gates of Hell and to wander back and forth along the road between this world and the underworld, scaring townsfolk as he passes and stealing the souls of anyone who gets too close in order to bring them to Hell with him.
Yōkai (妖怪, ghost, phantom, strange apparition) are a class of supernatural monsters in Japanese folklore.
The daimyo (大名 daimyō,
Pronunciation (help·info)) (dah-ee-myoh) were the powerful territorial lords[1] in pre-modern Japan who ruled most of the country from their vast, hereditary land holdings.
Terakoya
Terakoya (寺子屋 terako-ya, lit. temple schools, private elementary schools in the Edo period[1]) were private educational institutions that taught writing and reading to the children of Japanese commoners during the Edo period.
Terakoya focused on reading and writing, but they dealt with extra subjects and disciplines, as counting with the abacus (soroban), history, and geography. They also taught girls sewing, tea ceremony rituals, flower arranging techniques and other arts and crafts. The classes usually took place in private homes of samurai, Buddhist priests or even commoner citizens.
Unlike centers of popular education that taught mainly skills needed in everyday life, terakoya offered a higher level of education.
The first terakoya made their appearance at the beginning of the 17th century, as a development from educational facilities founded in Buddhist temples. Prior to the Edo period, public educational institutions were dedicated to the children of samurai and ruling families, thus the rise of the merchant class in the middle of the Edo period boosted the popularity of terakoya, as they were widely common in large cities as Edo and Osaka, as well as in rural and coastal regions.
The terakoya were abolished in the Meiji period, when the government instituted the Education System Order (gakusei 学制) in 1872, when attending public schools was made compulsory as a measure to give basic education to the whole population.
Terakoya focused on reading and writing, but they dealt with extra subjects and disciplines, as counting with the abacus (soroban), history, and geography. They also taught girls sewing, tea ceremony rituals, flower arranging techniques and other arts and crafts. The classes usually took place in private homes of samurai, Buddhist priests or even commoner citizens.
Unlike centers of popular education that taught mainly skills needed in everyday life, terakoya offered a higher level of education.
The first terakoya made their appearance at the beginning of the 17th century, as a development from educational facilities founded in Buddhist temples. Prior to the Edo period, public educational institutions were dedicated to the children of samurai and ruling families, thus the rise of the merchant class in the middle of the Edo period boosted the popularity of terakoya, as they were widely common in large cities as Edo and Osaka, as well as in rural and coastal regions.
The terakoya were abolished in the Meiji period, when the government instituted the Education System Order (gakusei 学制) in 1872, when attending public schools was made compulsory as a measure to give basic education to the whole population.
18.6.13
Kata and Randori
Kata (型 or 形 literally: "form") is a Japanese word describing detailed choreographed patterns of movements practised either solo or in pairs. The term form is used for the corresponding concept in non-Japanese martial arts in general.
The basic goal of kata is to preserve and transmit proven techniques and to practice self defence. By practicing in a repetitive manner the learner develops the ability to execute those techniques and movements in a natural, reflex-like manner.
Kata are used in many traditional Japanese arts such as theater forms like kabuki and schools of tea ceremony (chadō), but are most commonly known for the presence in the martial arts. Kata are used by most traditional Japanese and Okinawan martial arts, such as aikidō, iaidō, jōdō, jūdō, jūjutsu, kenjutsu, kendō and karate. Other arts such as t'ai chi ch'uan and taekwondo feature the same kind of training, but use the respective Chinese and Korean words taolu and hyeong, respectively.
Randori (乱取り) is a term used in Japanese martial arts to describe free-style practice.
The term literally means "chaos taking" or "grasping freedom," implying a freedom from the structured practice of kata.
Randori may be contrasted with kata, as two potentially complementary types of training.
The exact meaning of randori depends on the martial art it is used in. In judo, jujitsu and Shodokan Aikido, among others, it most often refers to one-on-one sparring where partners attempt to resist and counter each other's techniques. In other styles of aikido, in particular Aikikai, it refers to a form of practice in which a designated aikidoka defends against multiple attackers in quick succession without knowing how they will attack or in what order.
In Steven Seagal's Tenshin Aikido Federation (affiliated with the Aikikai), the randori is different from that of Aikikai—the attackers can do anything to the defender (e.g. punch, grab, kick, etc.),
The basic goal of kata is to preserve and transmit proven techniques and to practice self defence. By practicing in a repetitive manner the learner develops the ability to execute those techniques and movements in a natural, reflex-like manner.
Kata are used in many traditional Japanese arts such as theater forms like kabuki and schools of tea ceremony (chadō), but are most commonly known for the presence in the martial arts. Kata are used by most traditional Japanese and Okinawan martial arts, such as aikidō, iaidō, jōdō, jūdō, jūjutsu, kenjutsu, kendō and karate. Other arts such as t'ai chi ch'uan and taekwondo feature the same kind of training, but use the respective Chinese and Korean words taolu and hyeong, respectively.
Randori (乱取り) is a term used in Japanese martial arts to describe free-style practice.
The term literally means "chaos taking" or "grasping freedom," implying a freedom from the structured practice of kata.
Randori may be contrasted with kata, as two potentially complementary types of training.
The exact meaning of randori depends on the martial art it is used in. In judo, jujitsu and Shodokan Aikido, among others, it most often refers to one-on-one sparring where partners attempt to resist and counter each other's techniques. In other styles of aikido, in particular Aikikai, it refers to a form of practice in which a designated aikidoka defends against multiple attackers in quick succession without knowing how they will attack or in what order.
In Steven Seagal's Tenshin Aikido Federation (affiliated with the Aikikai), the randori is different from that of Aikikai—the attackers can do anything to the defender (e.g. punch, grab, kick, etc.),
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