Bugei Jūhappan

The Bugei Jūhappan (武芸十八 "Eighteen martial arts") were a selection of combat techniques and corollary arts used by the samurai of Tokugawa-era Japan. Mastery of these arts was considered essential to the attainment of bushido.^[1] The concept was established by Hirayama Gyozo, based on earlier Chinese traditions.^[2][3]
The eighteen arts consisted of a mixture of native Japanese and imported Chinese martial techniques and tactics. The exact list varies, but is commonly held to include:

• Kyujutsu, archery
• Sojutsu, spear-fighting
• Kenjutsu, fencing
• Iaijutsu, sword-drawing
• Tantojutsu, knife-fighting
• Juttejutsu, fighting with a truncheon
• Shurikenjutsu, throwing weapons
• Naginatajutsu, fighting with a polearm
• Hojutsu, shooting (with firearms)
• Bojutsu, stick-fighting
• Kusarigamajutsu, fighting with a chain-and-sickle
• Hojojutsu, tying up an opponent
• Bajutsu, horseriding
• Suieijutsu, swimming in armour
• Ninjutsu, espionage^[4]

Other arts which were often included in the list of eighteen were:

• Chikujojutsu, fortifying a castle against siege
• Yawara, wrestling
• Fukumibarijutsu, needle-spitting
• Yabusame, mounted archery
• Mojirijutsu, fighting with a barbed staff^[1]
• Yadomejutsu, deflecting flying arrows
• Saiminjutsu, hypnotism^[5]
• Aikijutsu, grappling and fighting unarmed.